Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia, affecting memory, thinking, and behaviour. It usually develops slowly and worsens over time, which can make it hard to notice in the early stages. Understanding the symptoms can help you support your loved one and seek help sooner.

1. Memory loss that disrupts daily life
Forgetting recent events, appointments, or important dates can be an early sign of Alzheimer’s. While everyone forgets things sometimes, frequent lapses that interfere with daily activities are worth paying attention to.

2. Difficulty planning or solving problems
People with Alzheimer’s may struggle to follow familiar tasks, like cooking a recipe or managing bills. They might find it hard to concentrate, make decisions, or solve simple problems they could previously handle.

3. Confusion with time or place
Alzheimer’s can cause disorientation. Someone may forget where they are, how they got there, or what day it is. This confusion can also extend to understanding current events or recognising familiar surroundings.

4. Trouble completing familiar tasks
Activities that were once routine, such as using a phone, getting dressed, or driving, can become challenging. This difficulty is different from occasional forgetfulness, it’s persistent and affects independence.

5. Changes in mood or personality
Alzheimer’s can cause mood swings, anxiety, depression, or irritability. People may become withdrawn, lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, or seem unusually fearful or suspicious.

6. Difficulty with communication
Finding the right words, following conversations, or understanding instructions can become harder. Someone with Alzheimer’s might repeat themselves often or struggle to join in discussions.

7. Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps
It’s normal to misplace items occasionally, but Alzheimer’s can lead to regularly putting things in unusual places and being unable to find them. This may also include accusing others of taking items.

8. Poor judgment or decision-making
Alzheimer’s can affect the ability to make safe or reasonable choices, such as managing money, personal hygiene, or keeping themselves safe at home.

When to seek help
Noticing one or two of these symptoms occasionally may not be a cause for concern. However, if you or a loved one are experiencing several of these changes that affect daily life, it’s important to speak with a GP or specialist. Early diagnosis can help with treatment, planning, and support.

Recognising the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease early allows you to access help and support sooner. While the condition can be challenging, with the right care, people can maintain quality of life, independence, and meaningful connections for as long as possible.